Common Chinese National Standard (GB) steel grades: Q195, Q235B, Q355B, Q420B, No. 20 steel, No. 45 steel, HRB400E.

Common American Standard (ASTM) steel grades: A36, A572 Gr50, A572 Gr60, A992, A53 Gr.B, A106 Gr.B.

Common Japanese Standard (JIS) steel grades: SS400, SM490A, SM490B, STK400, STK500, S45C.

Common European Standard (EN) steel grades: S235JR, S275JR, S355JR, S355J2, S460M.

Approximate material comparison (for reference only, not direct substitution): Chinese National Standard Q235B is approximately equivalent to Japanese Standard SS400, American Standard A36, and European Standard S235JR. The Chinese national standard Q355B is roughly equivalent to the Japanese standard SM490A, the American standard A572 Gr50, and the European standard S355JR. The Chinese national standard 20# steel is roughly equivalent to the American standard A106 Gr.B and the Japanese standard S20C.